Conflict Management. The military has no single approach...

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Virgil’s Aeneid Duty, Friendship, and Warriorship

Virgil’s Aeneid: Duty, Friendship, and Warriorship Virgil’s Aeneid is considered the greatest work in Latin and it is easy to see why. With obvious references to the works of Homer and the desire to be the greatest writer, Virgil used a large portion of his life to create a captivating tale about the founding of Rome. The Aeneid was meant to be the result of a commission by Augustus Caesar to capture his greatest exploits but Virgil refused to be limited in such a way. Instead, Virgil uses history to reference issues that were current in his time in hopes that Augustus and the Roman people could learn from their past. Due to Virgil’s desire to show Romans what it meant to be Roman he captures the values that Romans held in highest esteem. The greatest value he portrays is duty to a father and duty to the fate a person has been given. Vigil also shows the Romans value of friendship and warriorship. These insights can show how the ancient Romans valued different things in their day to day lives. The single greatest value depicted in the Aeneid is the value of duty. Virgil shows that duty is a twofold ideal in the minds of the Romans. The first is the duty of a son to the father and the father to the son, or in the case of Aeneas to all of the Trojan people. The best example of this type of duty, and the one filled with the most imagery, is Aeneas’ flight from Troy. When Aeneas finally submits that Troy is lost, he returns to his family to protect them. Aeneas flees a burning

Analysis of Cancer - The Enemy Within Essay - 1104 Words

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Application Of The Different Financial Tools Like Ratio Analysis

Question: Discuss About The Different Financial Tools Like Ratio Analysis? Answer: Introduction: Year of Establishment: On 9th April, 1914, Mr GJ COLES opened the first store in Collingwood Victoria. Till then the company is successfully serving the Australian households by delivering grocery items and readymade foods to them for a period of over 100 years(Invest SMART, 2017). Currently the company is operating as Coles supermarkets in Australia and is one of the largest companies of Australia (Coles.com.au, 2017). The online operation of the company stared in the year of 1999.Coles group is listed in ASX (Australian stock exchange) with code CGJ Major operations of the company: Main operation of the business is to meet the grocery needs of the Australian households through online stores [named as Coles online] and offline supermarket platforms and retail outlets. The business is also involved in the operations of offering lucrative loyalty programs [flybuy] to their existing buyers by making partnership with other retailers. Under this flybuy loyalty program, whenever a customer buys products or services from a retail partner of Coles, then points are automatically added to the economics of a customer which he has opened with Coles. These flybuy points offer lot of discounts and advantages during future shopping either with Coles or their partners. The company offers credit cards and digital wallet service to the customers to offer easy payment option to the customers(Financialservices.coles.com.au, 2017). Products of the company: Wide range of Grocery products Variety of Liquor products[Liquor products are available under the barands of Liquorland, Vintage Cellars, 1st Choice Liquor Superstore] (liquorland.com.au, 2017) Financial Insurance service with respect to home, car land Specialist tyre and car repair service provided under the Kmart Tyre Auto Service Mix apparel range Company Name: Woolworths Limited: Year of Establishment: The Company Woolworths Limited was established in September 1924, originally under the name "Wallworths Bazaar Ltd. The company became a highly attractive grocery chain to the Australian consumers after 1924, when the company took the initiative to open several retail grocery stores across Australia. The products sold by the company became very attractive to the consumers as the company offers quality product at the cheapest price with money back guarantee in case a bad quality product is sold to a consumer. Currently the business appears as a trusted partner to thousand of local farmers and manufacturers. The business serves over 29 million Australians via more than 3000 retail outlets. Current stock price of the company is around AUD $ 25.21 and the outstanding shares of the company in the market is around 1294 million. The company is listed in the ASX as WOW.AX(U.S., 2017). Major operations of the company: Under the Food group or food business the company in regulating the super markets and offers loyalty program to the existing customers of the company. Besides, the business also regulates the petrol outlets under the brand CALTEX WOOLWORTHS along with the partnership of Caltex Australia Petroleum Pty Ltd The business offers the financial services under the brand Woolworths Money for better management of individual finances. The company offers credit cards, reloadable master cards under this service The business is also involved in selling the widest range of liquor though retail outlets and also through home delivery options and also hold auction of the fine wines. The business is also involved in merchandise selling (Brand-Big-w) and hotel services under the ALH group. Products of the company: Woolworth Food group: Under this brand the company offers fresh food and grocery products to the Australian households through their super market outlets Financial Services: The company provides the financial services in the name of Woolworth money and the service help the customers to manage their money. Endeavour Drinks: Under this brand the company offers variety of drinks liquor outlets Portfolio Businesses: Under this brand the business offers a variety of general merchandise and hotel services to the Australian customers One of the best business achievements of Coles is that the Australian super market chain has achieved the first Green Star rating for a supermarket; with Coles Hallam in south east Melbourne. The Coles Hallam super market store was being awarded by a 4 Star Green Star rating by the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) (gbca.org.au, 2017). A key achievement of the company is that the total group sustainability measurement score of the company has reached to 86% by 2016. Identification Evaluation of the sources of finance: The financial sources of the company are the interest bearing debts, credit from the customers and the share holders equity. Credit risk of the company along with financial loans and advances are managed by the company through established policies and procedures. Woolworths Limited: In 2015 the maximum approved credit exposure of the country was around 51.7% and in 2016 it has become 54.4%.This indicates high degree of exposure of the company towards loans and credit which is for than 50%.Therefore the company is a highly levered company. Rest of the capital is expected to collect from the share holders Equity. The current stock price of the company is AUD $15.25 and the company is currently holding 1200 million shares in the market. Current market capitalization value of the company is around AUD $18305 million. The basic two sources of finance of the company are debt or loan and equity. The study of debt to equity ratio of the company reveals that the debt to equity ratio in 2017 is stable around 30.60.This indicates that the debt of the company is 30.60 times more than the equity of the company(Macroaxis.com, 2017). The value of the ratio delivers the insight that as the value of debt of the company is more than the value of asset, therefore the creditors are having more stakes in the company rather than the stock holders of the company. Loan or borrowing of the company was around AUD$ m 3079 in 2015 AUD$ m 3870 in 2016 The equity capital of the company was around AUD$ m 5065 and that of AUD$ m 5347 in 2015 2016 respectively. Financial Ratios of the company: Year 2014 2015 2016 Revenue(AUD $ million) 37391 38201 39242 EBIT(Earning before interest tax, or operating income) (AUD $ million) 1672 1783 1860 Ratios Net operating margin(NOM) 4% 5% 5% Return on capital employed(ROCE) 10.30% 11% 11.20% Net Operating Margin (NOM): The ratio measures the proportion of revenue earned is left after paying for the variable cost that is associated with production. This ratio describes the pricing strategy and efficiency of the company (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). As Coles pricing strategy is based on providing quality grocery products with minimum profit margin that is why the company has only managed to attain a growth of 1% with respect to NOM from 2014-2016. Return on capital employed (ROCE): Measures the return achieved by the company with respect to the total capital employed by the company in terms of both debt and equity. Coles can be described as a financially sound company as the ROCE of the company is more or less stable and demonstrating a steady rising trend over years. That is the company is the return generating capacity of the company over the total capital employed is increasing over years in a stable pace Year 2014 2015 2016 Revenue(AUD $ million) 60773 60679 60186 EBIT(Earning before interest tax, or operating income)(AUD $ million) 3775 3973 2564 Ratios Net operating margin(NOM) 6% 7% 4% Return on capital employed(ROCE) 27% 26% 22.20% The net operating margin of the company is declining over years. In 2015 though it increased by 1% over that of 2014(6%), but again in 2016 the ratio has become 4%.This indicates weak efficiency in managing the operating expense of the company(Wow2016ar.qreports.com.au, 2017). As a result of which the company is losing larger share of the revenue earned while managing the operating expenses over years(Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). The declining ROCE over years indicates that the return generating efficiency of the company is declining over years. This indicates the management inefficiency of the company (Higgins, 2012). Analysis comparison of the companies From the above discussion it can be observed that the capital structure of both the companies is more or less same. Both the companies are heavily relying over the debt financing. In case of Woolworth limited the overall debt-to-equity ratio is 30.60.Therefore as the debt volume of the company is 30.60 times of the equity volume of the company, therefore the creditors of the company is at high risk. On the other hand the Coles limited rely more on credit purchase rather than direct exposure to the debt capital. Thus Coles limited may have to bear a lower volume of interest burden but the volume of credit payable of both the companies is quiet high. So Coles limited is also under huge amount of credit burden Another noticeable similarity is that, both the companies belong to the same industries of grocery retailing, liquor business and the financial services. But a stinking dissimilarity is observed in terms of the financial reporting format of the companies. The underlying reason behind this dissimilarity is that the Coles limited operate as a group company under the Wesfarmers group of companies. As a result the financial statements as well as key financial figures of the company are only available in a very brief format under the Wesfarmers groups financial report. Mostly the financial figures related to Coles limited are presented under the consolidated financial statements of Wesfarmers group. On the other hand the Woolworths Limited functions as an individual standalone company and sales products and services in different business segment. That is why the financial data and financial statements of this company is readily available in the annual financial reports of the companies. Summary of interesting findings and recommendation If we look at the financial performance of the companies then it can be observed that revenue earning per year of the Woolworth limited is much higher than that of Coles limited. Therefore Woolworth limited has a much better revenue earning capacity compared to Coles limited as the operational activities of Woolworth limited is much wider than the Coles limited. But the declining net operating margin ratio return-on capital employed ratio of Woolworth limited indicates the sheer operational inefficiency and weak pricing strategy of the company. But the same ratios for Coles limited indicates presence of operational excellence in the company Recommendations: Coles limited should expand their business to enhance the revenue earning capacity of the Company Woolworth limited should take measures to enhance the operational efficiency of the company. Because enhancement of operational efficiency will help the business to retain greater share of revenue earnings after making the possible expenses of the company Conclusion: This financial report describes the facts and figures that are to be collected and discussed for understanding the financial performance of a particular company. For instance in case of Woolworths Limited Coles limited data has been collected regarding the debt equity ratio, net operating margin and on return on capital employed to understand the financial performance of each of the two chosen companies and how the two chosen companies that are chosen from the same industry are performing with respect to each other(Armstrong et al.,2010). The study of the financial health of the companies reveals that Woolworths Limited has a stronger revenue earning capacity than Coles limited, but the operational efficiency of Coles limited is much higher with respect to Woolworths Limited. Reference: Armstrong, C.S., Guay, W.R. and Weber, J.P., 2010. The role of information and financial reporting in corporate governance and debt contracting.Journal of Accounting and Economics,50(2), pp.179-234. Armstrong, C.S., Guay, W.R. and Weber, J.P., 2010. The role of information and financial reporting in corporate governance and debt contracting.Journal of Accounting and Economics,50(2), pp.179-234. Biddle, G.C., Hilary, G. and Verdi, R.S., 2009. How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?.Journal of accounting and economics,48(2), pp.112-131. Biddle, G.C., Hilary, G. and Verdi, R.S., 2009. How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?.Journal of accounting and economics,48(2), pp.112-131. Coles.com.au. (2017).Coles Supermarkets. [online] Available at: https://www.coles.com.au/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Financialservices.coles.com.au. (2017).Coles Mastercard - Coles Credit Cards. [online] Available at: https://financialservices.coles.com.au/credit-cards [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. gbca.org.au. (2017).Coles gains certification for first sustainable supermarket. [online] Available at: https://www.gbca.org.au/news/gbca-media-releases/coles-gains-certification-for-first-sustainable-supermarket/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Group, C. (2017).Org Chart Coles Group. [online] The Official Board. Available at: https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/coles-group [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Higgins, R.C., 2012.Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Macroaxis.com. (2017).Woolworths Limited Debt to Equity | WOW.AX Australian - Macroaxis. [online] Available at: https://www.macroaxis.com/invest/ratio/WOW.AX--Debt-to-Equity [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. U.S. (2017).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com. [online] Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/WOW.AX [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2017).Annual Report,2016 Wesfarmer. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017).Annual Reports - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/investors/our-performance/reports/Reports/Annual_Reports [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Wow2016ar.qreports.com.au. (2017).Home - Woolworths Annual Report 2016. [online] Available at: https://wow2016ar.qreports.com.au/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. www.wowlink.com.au. (2017).WOOLWORTHS FOOD GROUP ORGANISATION STRUCTURE. [online] Available at: https://www.wowlink.com.au/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].